Audiovisual citations

Guidelines for clear, comprehensive and consistent citations of moving image and sound

Audiovisual citation guidelines

These guidelines represent an attempt to address the growing need for a clear, comprehensive and consistent system for the citation of moving image and sound in your work.

Despite the increasing use of audiovisual material in teaching, learning and research in higher and further education, the basic criteria listed in existing referencing systems such as Harvard and Chicago do not fully address the wide range of types and formats that need formal citation, based as they are on standards developed for the written word.

Learning on Screen’s Guidelines for Referencing Moving Image and Sound aims to establish an authoritative and accessible set of guidelines that is applicable to a wide range of different users across all disciplines. Covering film, television programmes, radio programmes, audio recordings, DVD extras, clips, trailers, adverts, idents, non-broadcast, amateur and archive material, podcasts, vodcasts and games, it also includes style guidance on citations in reference lists and in-text citation

This is the second edition of the guidelines.

Download the guidelines. PDF (356 KB)